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rabbit polyclonal antibodies against caix  (Proteintech)


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    Structured Review

    Proteintech rabbit polyclonal antibodies against caix
    Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and <t>CAIX</t> in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Rabbit Polyclonal Antibodies Against Caix, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 74 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit polyclonal antibodies against caix/product/Proteintech
    Average 95 stars, based on 74 article reviews
    rabbit polyclonal antibodies against caix - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
    95/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models"

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    Journal: The Prostate

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and CAIX in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Figure Legend Snippet: Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and CAIX in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Techniques Used: Isolation, Clinical Proteomics, Western Blot, Expressing, Comparison, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

    sEV protein CAIX can be used to predict diagnosis in the initial PCa biopsies. (A, B) In the training cohort, sEV protein CAIX is significantly upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.8e −15 ) and csPCa patients ( P = 1.3e −13 ). (C, D) The validation cohort confirms the sEV CAIX findings. (E, F) In the training cohort, tPSA is upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.5e −18 ) and csPCa ( P = 1.1e −08 ). (G, H). In the validation cohort, tPSA upregulation is observed in PCa ( p = 0.0021) and csPCa ( P = 8.6e −05 ). (I, J) The ROC analysis shows the diagnostic power of the sEV protein CAIX score in PCa (AUC: 0.873) and the Model in csPCa (AUC: 0.909) in the training cohort. Comparison of ROC analysis shows that the sEV protein CAIX expression (assay) had a better diagnostic performance than blood tPSA, f/tPSA, and PSAD test in PCa. The Model (CAIX + PSAD) had a better diagnostic performance than sEV protein CAIX, tPSA, f/tPSA and PSAD tests in csPCa alone. (K, L) Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; csPCa, clinically significant PCa; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; nsPCa, nonsignificant PCa; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; tPSA, total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Figure Legend Snippet: sEV protein CAIX can be used to predict diagnosis in the initial PCa biopsies. (A, B) In the training cohort, sEV protein CAIX is significantly upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.8e −15 ) and csPCa patients ( P = 1.3e −13 ). (C, D) The validation cohort confirms the sEV CAIX findings. (E, F) In the training cohort, tPSA is upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.5e −18 ) and csPCa ( P = 1.1e −08 ). (G, H). In the validation cohort, tPSA upregulation is observed in PCa ( p = 0.0021) and csPCa ( P = 8.6e −05 ). (I, J) The ROC analysis shows the diagnostic power of the sEV protein CAIX score in PCa (AUC: 0.873) and the Model in csPCa (AUC: 0.909) in the training cohort. Comparison of ROC analysis shows that the sEV protein CAIX expression (assay) had a better diagnostic performance than blood tPSA, f/tPSA, and PSAD test in PCa. The Model (CAIX + PSAD) had a better diagnostic performance than sEV protein CAIX, tPSA, f/tPSA and PSAD tests in csPCa alone. (K, L) Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; csPCa, clinically significant PCa; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; nsPCa, nonsignificant PCa; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; tPSA, total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay, Comparison, Expressing

    Performance of the sEV protein  CAIX  expression with PCa‐associated clinical features to predict biopsy results by logistic regression.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Performance of the sEV protein CAIX expression with PCa‐associated clinical features to predict biopsy results by logistic regression.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery

    Performance of sEV protein  CAIX  expression with PCa‐associated clinical features in predicting csPCa in patients undergoing prostate biopsy using logistic regression.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Performance of sEV protein CAIX expression with PCa‐associated clinical features in predicting csPCa in patients undergoing prostate biopsy using logistic regression.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery

    The clinical utility of the sEV protein CAIX test assay. (A, B) DCA shows that the CAIX assay demonstrates the highest net benefit across 0.2–0.8 threshold probabilities for PCa in the training and validation cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have PCa (Treat All). (C) The waterfall plot of the sEV protein CAIX test assay scores is related to the prostate biopsy results ( n = 230). Each bar represents an individual. Red indicates the ISUP grade ≥ two tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7); dusty blue indicates the ISUP grade of one tumor (Gleason score = 6); green indicates the negative biopsies. Two black horizontal lines represent the cutoff points of 0.454 at the sensitivity of 90% and 0.376 at the sensitivity of 95%. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; tPSA, total PSA. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Figure Legend Snippet: The clinical utility of the sEV protein CAIX test assay. (A, B) DCA shows that the CAIX assay demonstrates the highest net benefit across 0.2–0.8 threshold probabilities for PCa in the training and validation cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have PCa (Treat All). (C) The waterfall plot of the sEV protein CAIX test assay scores is related to the prostate biopsy results ( n = 230). Each bar represents an individual. Red indicates the ISUP grade ≥ two tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7); dusty blue indicates the ISUP grade of one tumor (Gleason score = 6); green indicates the negative biopsies. Two black horizontal lines represent the cutoff points of 0.454 at the sensitivity of 90% and 0.376 at the sensitivity of 95%. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; tPSA, total PSA. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery

    Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis for predicting csPCa in the training group.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis for predicting csPCa in the training group.

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery

    Nomograms can predict the probability of csPCa. A Nomogram was established based on sEV protein CAIX test assay and PSAD. (A) Nomogram for diagnosis of csPCa. Higher total points indicate a higher prevalence for csPCa. (B) Nomogram‐predicted probability of csPCa in the training cohort. (C) DCA of the sEV protein CAIX test, tPSA, f/t PSA, PSAD and prediction models for csPCa. DCA shows that the model presents the highest net benefit across 0.2 to 0.8 threshold probabilities for csPCa in the training cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have csPCa (Treat All). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; CsPCa, clinically significant PCa; DCA, decision curve analysis; Predicted Pr, predicted probability; PSAD, PSA density; sEV, small extracellular vehicle; tPSA, total PSA; f/tPSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Figure Legend Snippet: Nomograms can predict the probability of csPCa. A Nomogram was established based on sEV protein CAIX test assay and PSAD. (A) Nomogram for diagnosis of csPCa. Higher total points indicate a higher prevalence for csPCa. (B) Nomogram‐predicted probability of csPCa in the training cohort. (C) DCA of the sEV protein CAIX test, tPSA, f/t PSA, PSAD and prediction models for csPCa. DCA shows that the model presents the highest net benefit across 0.2 to 0.8 threshold probabilities for csPCa in the training cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have csPCa (Treat All). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; CsPCa, clinically significant PCa; DCA, decision curve analysis; Predicted Pr, predicted probability; PSAD, PSA density; sEV, small extracellular vehicle; tPSA, total PSA; f/tPSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery

    Clinical association of sEV protein CAIX biomarker identified with human PCa tissue. The expression of CAIX protein in adjacent normal tissue and PCa tissue was examined using a TMA including PCa tissue ( n = 94) and normal prostate control tissue ( n = 47). (A) Typical images show a high expression of CAIX in PCa tissue compared to normal prostate tissue, with the predominant localization observed in the cytoplasm. Brown color indicates positive staining while blue color indicates nuclei. Magnification x 20, scale bar = 100 um. (B) Quantitative analysis indicates distinct expression of CAIX (*** p < 0.001) between PCa tissue and adjacent normal prostate tissue. (C) Comparison of CAIX protein IHC staining scores between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues in the same PCa patients ( n = 44, paired two‐tailed t ‐test, p < 0.001). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PCa, prostate cancer. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
    Figure Legend Snippet: Clinical association of sEV protein CAIX biomarker identified with human PCa tissue. The expression of CAIX protein in adjacent normal tissue and PCa tissue was examined using a TMA including PCa tissue ( n = 94) and normal prostate control tissue ( n = 47). (A) Typical images show a high expression of CAIX in PCa tissue compared to normal prostate tissue, with the predominant localization observed in the cytoplasm. Brown color indicates positive staining while blue color indicates nuclei. Magnification x 20, scale bar = 100 um. (B) Quantitative analysis indicates distinct expression of CAIX (*** p < 0.001) between PCa tissue and adjacent normal prostate tissue. (C) Comparison of CAIX protein IHC staining scores between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues in the same PCa patients ( n = 44, paired two‐tailed t ‐test, p < 0.001). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PCa, prostate cancer. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Techniques Used: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Control, Staining, Comparison, Immunohistochemistry, Two Tailed Test



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    Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and <t>CAIX</t> in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
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    Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and <t>CAIX</t> in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]
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    Image Search Results


    Immunohistochemical representative microphotographs representing the HIF-1 α , GLUT-1, and CAIX expression in endometrial cancer according to FIGO classification (IA, IB, II, IIIA, IIIC, and IV). Primary objective magnification 20x.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α , Glucose Transporter-1, (GLUT-1) and Carbon Anhydrase IX in Endometrial Cancer Patients

    doi: 10.1155/2014/616850

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical representative microphotographs representing the HIF-1 α , GLUT-1, and CAIX expression in endometrial cancer according to FIGO classification (IA, IB, II, IIIA, IIIC, and IV). Primary objective magnification 20x.

    Article Snippet: The immunohistochemical studies were performed using, respectively, mouse monoclonal antibody against HIF-1 α (clone [H1ALPHA67], ab1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit polyclonal antibody against GLUT-1 (07-1401, MILLOPORE), and rabbit polyclonal antibody against CAIX (NB100-417, NOVUS BIOLOGICALS, Cambridge, UK).

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing

    The  CAIX  expression according to clinicopathological features.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α , Glucose Transporter-1, (GLUT-1) and Carbon Anhydrase IX in Endometrial Cancer Patients

    doi: 10.1155/2014/616850

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The CAIX expression according to clinicopathological features.

    Article Snippet: The immunohistochemical studies were performed using, respectively, mouse monoclonal antibody against HIF-1 α (clone [H1ALPHA67], ab1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit polyclonal antibody against GLUT-1 (07-1401, MILLOPORE), and rabbit polyclonal antibody against CAIX (NB100-417, NOVUS BIOLOGICALS, Cambridge, UK).

    Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation

    Prognostic factors for overall survival selected by Cox's univariate analysis.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α , Glucose Transporter-1, (GLUT-1) and Carbon Anhydrase IX in Endometrial Cancer Patients

    doi: 10.1155/2014/616850

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Prognostic factors for overall survival selected by Cox's univariate analysis.

    Article Snippet: The immunohistochemical studies were performed using, respectively, mouse monoclonal antibody against HIF-1 α (clone [H1ALPHA67], ab1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit polyclonal antibody against GLUT-1 (07-1401, MILLOPORE), and rabbit polyclonal antibody against CAIX (NB100-417, NOVUS BIOLOGICALS, Cambridge, UK).

    Techniques:

    Prognostic factors for overall survival selected by Cox's multivariate analysis.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α , Glucose Transporter-1, (GLUT-1) and Carbon Anhydrase IX in Endometrial Cancer Patients

    doi: 10.1155/2014/616850

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Prognostic factors for overall survival selected by Cox's multivariate analysis.

    Article Snippet: The immunohistochemical studies were performed using, respectively, mouse monoclonal antibody against HIF-1 α (clone [H1ALPHA67], ab1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit polyclonal antibody against GLUT-1 (07-1401, MILLOPORE), and rabbit polyclonal antibody against CAIX (NB100-417, NOVUS BIOLOGICALS, Cambridge, UK).

    Techniques:

    Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and CAIX in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of sEVs isolated from human PCa plasma samples. (A) NTA shows the modal sizes of sEV particles in the plasma of patients with negative and positive biopsies (B) Representative TEM images show sEVs (white arrows) isolated from biopsy‐negative (Left image) and biopsy‐positive (Right image) patients, with visible lipid bilayers and cup‐shaped structures, scale bar‐200 nm. (C) Representative Western blots demonstrating the expression of CD9, calnexin, syntenin‐1, TSG101, and CAIX in sEV preparations isolated from plasma samples of patients with negative and positive biopsies, compared to whole cell lysates from DU145 prostate cancer cells. (D) Comparison of protein expression (ApoA1, LDHB, HBG1) in hemolyzed plasma, non‐hemolyzed plasma, and sEVs isolated from non‐hemolyzed plasma samples from PCa patients ( n = 3 each). (E) The hemolyzed and non‐hemolyzed plasma samples exhibited distinct color differences upon visual inspection(n = 3). Abbreviations: ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; HBG1, Hemoglobin subunit gamma 1; LDHB, Lactate Dehydrogenase B; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; sEV, small extracellular vesicle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WCL, whole cell lysate. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Isolation, Clinical Proteomics, Western Blot, Expressing, Comparison, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

    sEV protein CAIX can be used to predict diagnosis in the initial PCa biopsies. (A, B) In the training cohort, sEV protein CAIX is significantly upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.8e −15 ) and csPCa patients ( P = 1.3e −13 ). (C, D) The validation cohort confirms the sEV CAIX findings. (E, F) In the training cohort, tPSA is upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.5e −18 ) and csPCa ( P = 1.1e −08 ). (G, H). In the validation cohort, tPSA upregulation is observed in PCa ( p = 0.0021) and csPCa ( P = 8.6e −05 ). (I, J) The ROC analysis shows the diagnostic power of the sEV protein CAIX score in PCa (AUC: 0.873) and the Model in csPCa (AUC: 0.909) in the training cohort. Comparison of ROC analysis shows that the sEV protein CAIX expression (assay) had a better diagnostic performance than blood tPSA, f/tPSA, and PSAD test in PCa. The Model (CAIX + PSAD) had a better diagnostic performance than sEV protein CAIX, tPSA, f/tPSA and PSAD tests in csPCa alone. (K, L) Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; csPCa, clinically significant PCa; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; nsPCa, nonsignificant PCa; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; tPSA, total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: sEV protein CAIX can be used to predict diagnosis in the initial PCa biopsies. (A, B) In the training cohort, sEV protein CAIX is significantly upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.8e −15 ) and csPCa patients ( P = 1.3e −13 ). (C, D) The validation cohort confirms the sEV CAIX findings. (E, F) In the training cohort, tPSA is upregulated in both PCa ( P = 1.5e −18 ) and csPCa ( P = 1.1e −08 ). (G, H). In the validation cohort, tPSA upregulation is observed in PCa ( p = 0.0021) and csPCa ( P = 8.6e −05 ). (I, J) The ROC analysis shows the diagnostic power of the sEV protein CAIX score in PCa (AUC: 0.873) and the Model in csPCa (AUC: 0.909) in the training cohort. Comparison of ROC analysis shows that the sEV protein CAIX expression (assay) had a better diagnostic performance than blood tPSA, f/tPSA, and PSAD test in PCa. The Model (CAIX + PSAD) had a better diagnostic performance than sEV protein CAIX, tPSA, f/tPSA and PSAD tests in csPCa alone. (K, L) Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; csPCa, clinically significant PCa; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; nsPCa, nonsignificant PCa; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; tPSA, total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diagnostic Assay, Comparison, Expressing

    Performance of the sEV protein  CAIX  expression with PCa‐associated clinical features to predict biopsy results by logistic regression.

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Performance of the sEV protein CAIX expression with PCa‐associated clinical features to predict biopsy results by logistic regression.

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery

    Performance of sEV protein  CAIX  expression with PCa‐associated clinical features in predicting csPCa in patients undergoing prostate biopsy using logistic regression.

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Performance of sEV protein CAIX expression with PCa‐associated clinical features in predicting csPCa in patients undergoing prostate biopsy using logistic regression.

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery

    The clinical utility of the sEV protein CAIX test assay. (A, B) DCA shows that the CAIX assay demonstrates the highest net benefit across 0.2–0.8 threshold probabilities for PCa in the training and validation cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have PCa (Treat All). (C) The waterfall plot of the sEV protein CAIX test assay scores is related to the prostate biopsy results ( n = 230). Each bar represents an individual. Red indicates the ISUP grade ≥ two tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7); dusty blue indicates the ISUP grade of one tumor (Gleason score = 6); green indicates the negative biopsies. Two black horizontal lines represent the cutoff points of 0.454 at the sensitivity of 90% and 0.376 at the sensitivity of 95%. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; tPSA, total PSA. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The clinical utility of the sEV protein CAIX test assay. (A, B) DCA shows that the CAIX assay demonstrates the highest net benefit across 0.2–0.8 threshold probabilities for PCa in the training and validation cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have PCa (Treat All). (C) The waterfall plot of the sEV protein CAIX test assay scores is related to the prostate biopsy results ( n = 230). Each bar represents an individual. Red indicates the ISUP grade ≥ two tumors (Gleason score ≥ 7); dusty blue indicates the ISUP grade of one tumor (Gleason score = 6); green indicates the negative biopsies. Two black horizontal lines represent the cutoff points of 0.454 at the sensitivity of 90% and 0.376 at the sensitivity of 95%. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; f/t PSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; PCa, prostate cancer; PSAD, prostate‐specific antigen density; tPSA, total PSA. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis for predicting csPCa in the training group.

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis for predicting csPCa in the training group.

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Nomograms can predict the probability of csPCa. A Nomogram was established based on sEV protein CAIX test assay and PSAD. (A) Nomogram for diagnosis of csPCa. Higher total points indicate a higher prevalence for csPCa. (B) Nomogram‐predicted probability of csPCa in the training cohort. (C) DCA of the sEV protein CAIX test, tPSA, f/t PSA, PSAD and prediction models for csPCa. DCA shows that the model presents the highest net benefit across 0.2 to 0.8 threshold probabilities for csPCa in the training cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have csPCa (Treat All). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; CsPCa, clinically significant PCa; DCA, decision curve analysis; Predicted Pr, predicted probability; PSAD, PSA density; sEV, small extracellular vehicle; tPSA, total PSA; f/tPSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Nomograms can predict the probability of csPCa. A Nomogram was established based on sEV protein CAIX test assay and PSAD. (A) Nomogram for diagnosis of csPCa. Higher total points indicate a higher prevalence for csPCa. (B) Nomogram‐predicted probability of csPCa in the training cohort. (C) DCA of the sEV protein CAIX test, tPSA, f/t PSA, PSAD and prediction models for csPCa. DCA shows that the model presents the highest net benefit across 0.2 to 0.8 threshold probabilities for csPCa in the training cohort. The horizontal black lines parallel to the x‐axis represent no patient undergoing a biopsy (Treat None). The gray line indicates that all the patients will have csPCa (Treat All). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; CsPCa, clinically significant PCa; DCA, decision curve analysis; Predicted Pr, predicted probability; PSAD, PSA density; sEV, small extracellular vehicle; tPSA, total PSA; f/tPSA, free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Clinical association of sEV protein CAIX biomarker identified with human PCa tissue. The expression of CAIX protein in adjacent normal tissue and PCa tissue was examined using a TMA including PCa tissue ( n = 94) and normal prostate control tissue ( n = 47). (A) Typical images show a high expression of CAIX in PCa tissue compared to normal prostate tissue, with the predominant localization observed in the cytoplasm. Brown color indicates positive staining while blue color indicates nuclei. Magnification x 20, scale bar = 100 um. (B) Quantitative analysis indicates distinct expression of CAIX (*** p < 0.001) between PCa tissue and adjacent normal prostate tissue. (C) Comparison of CAIX protein IHC staining scores between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues in the same PCa patients ( n = 44, paired two‐tailed t ‐test, p < 0.001). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PCa, prostate cancer. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Journal: The Prostate

    Article Title: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived CAIX Protein in Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Study on Predictive Models

    doi: 10.1002/pros.24879

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical association of sEV protein CAIX biomarker identified with human PCa tissue. The expression of CAIX protein in adjacent normal tissue and PCa tissue was examined using a TMA including PCa tissue ( n = 94) and normal prostate control tissue ( n = 47). (A) Typical images show a high expression of CAIX in PCa tissue compared to normal prostate tissue, with the predominant localization observed in the cytoplasm. Brown color indicates positive staining while blue color indicates nuclei. Magnification x 20, scale bar = 100 um. (B) Quantitative analysis indicates distinct expression of CAIX (*** p < 0.001) between PCa tissue and adjacent normal prostate tissue. (C) Comparison of CAIX protein IHC staining scores between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues in the same PCa patients ( n = 44, paired two‐tailed t ‐test, p < 0.001). Abbreviations: CAIX, carbonic anhydrase IX; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PCa, prostate cancer. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com ]

    Article Snippet: Subsequently, slides were sealed with goat serum at RT for 1 h, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against CAIX (Proteintech,11071‐1‐AP) diluted 1:1000.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Control, Staining, Comparison, Immunohistochemistry, Two Tailed Test